Research Paper for Unit free essay sample

It is significant inside a social workplace that data is recorded, as it might be called upon for legitimate reasons. All correspondences are secret, and on a â€Å"need to know†, premise. Correspondence between associates is fundamental, with the goal that it guarantees a progression of care for the customer, and all staff knows about the current needs of the customer. 1. 2 Explain how correspondence influences connections in the work setting Communication in the work environment is a significant piece of your job. It fabricates great associations with your partners, and your administration clients. On the off chance that correspondence strategies that you utilize are inadequate, this could prompt issues with the connections inside your working environment. on the off chance that there is inadequate correspondence between the accompanying connections, at that point Lack of trust and certainty. Could give an inappropriate kind of care. Could pass up significant data †which could bring about mischief. Learning results The student will 1. Comprehend why successful correspondence is significant in the work setting 2. We will compose a custom paper test on Exploration Paper for Unit or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Have the option to meet the correspondence and language needs, wishes and inclinations of people 2. Exhibit how to build up the correspondence and language needs, wishes and inclinations of people I can discover an individual’s favored specialized strategies by: asking the customer, perusing their consideration plan, ask family members, ask associates, clinical notes and so forth. I can likewise mention my own objective facts as I bolster them, and offer my discoveries with my associates, and record in their consideration plan. Their individual correspondence needs ought to be intelligent of their: way of life, convictions, or religion, or more the entirety of their individual inclinations and as indicated by their necessities. 2. †¢ Describe the elements to consider while advancing successful correspondence Is the earth satisfactory for the correspondence( sufficiently bright, tranquil, secret and so forth) Does the individual have the capacities to get (SEN, learning in capacity) Do you need to adjust your correspondence for the individual (talk stronger, use hand signals and so on) Does the individual need a mediator or relative to be available How is the individual going to react to the correspondence Are you attacking the people individual space Are you certain about the realities, that you are imparting effectively . 3 Demonstrate a scope of specialized strategies and styles to address singular issues There are times when we have to adjust our correspondence style to addressing the necessities of people and use helps to assist them with upgrading their correspondence. Hearing Impairment Hearing misfortune is an imperceptible handicap, so it can turn into a major correspondence boundary. Hearing debilitated individuals need to focus hard to get data in stages and composed data. Helps that can help these individuals are amplifiers, learning communication through signing and lip perusing. Visual Impairment This can make an individual very disorientated if in a peculiar spot or they lose their glasses. When thinking about an individual who is visually impaired, verbal correspondence has an expanded significance. Learning troubles and language boundaries It can be hard to speak with an individual who talks no English; you may need to utilize picture sheets so they can comprehend or decipher what they require. Sexual orientation contrasts A female help client may not need a male carer thinking about her. Social contrasts Commonly utilized signals can once in a while have various implications in different societies. Acquaint yourself with the way of life of those you are thinking about so you can approach them with deference. Correspondence and Autism People with mental imbalance experience issues with both verbal and non-verbal language. Many have an exceptionally strict comprehension of language, and think individuals consistently mean precisely what they state. They can think that its hard to utilize or comprehend: †¢ outward appearances or manner of speaking jokes and mockery basic expressions and truisms; A model may be the expression Its cool, which individuals frequently state when they believe that something is acceptable, however carefully, implies that its somewhat cold. 2. 4 Demonstrate how to react to an individual’s responses when imparting verbal reactions eg tone, pitch, quietness; nonverbal reactions eg non-verbal communication, outward appearances, eye to eye connection, signals, contact; passionate state; signs that data has been gotten; when and how to alter specialized strategy 3. 1 3. Have the option to defeat boundaries to correspondence Clarify how individuals from various foundations may utilize or potentially decipher specialized strategies in various manners Society comprises of various societies, and correspondence in various societies can have various implications to our own. For example on the off chance that we use ‘slang’, our administration clients may not comprehend. What is satisfactory in one culture might be an affront in another. In specific societies it is unsatisfactory for a lady to ‘speak’, except if addressed. As a social consideration laborer, you need to illuminate yourself regarding the various societies, of the administration clients you work with. 3. 2 Identify obstructions to compelling correspondence Medical condition †¢ 3. †¢ Their understanding/language contrasts Visual/hearing impedance Relationship Age Too much commotion insufficient light/excessively brilliant Too hot/cold Chairs excessively far separated Demonstrate approaches to conquer boundaries to correspondence Adapt relational abilities, to ailment. Clarify things utilizing basic language †consider the Use pictures if proper. Use Interpreter administrations. Offer the individual their glasses or listening device Maintain an expert methodology. Try not to make presumptions about, convictions, qualities and culture Reduce the commotion or move to a calmer area. Turn lights on, close window ornaments or move to a superior lit area. Modify the room temperature to an increasingly agreeable level. Draw the seats nearer together, or in a gathering circle. Exhibit methodologies that can be utilized to explain misconceptions †¢ 3. 4 To forestall mistaken assumptions in correspondence, talk gradually, rehash yourself, record things and so on. In the event that the correspondence is about a troublesome subject, or passing on terrible news for instance, have someone else present when conveying, this goes about as an observer to the correspondence, and furthermore for help. On the off chance that speaking with customers with dementia, for instance, rehash yourself, and ask the individual that they have comprehended. Give verbal prompts to help the customer the substance to remember correspondence. 3. 5 Explain how to get to additional help or administrations to empower people to impart adequately †¢ Local Authority Line Manager GP SENCO 4. Have the option to apply standards and works on identifying with classification 4. 1 Explain the importance of the term classification Confidentiality is a lot of decides or a guarantee that cutoff points access or places limitations on specific sorts of data. . 2 Demonstrate approaches to keep up privacy in everyday correspondence Individuals ought to be requested their agree to impart data about them to different individuals from the wellbeing or care group. Normally this assent is acquired when an individual is new to the administration, in the wake of having clarified the classification strategy. 4. 3 Describ e the expected strain between keeping up an individual’s privacy and unveiling concerns Sometimes classified data revealed by a customer may should be given to other people. In the event that there is a danger of threat or mischief to the customer, or others, if misuse is suspected, or if there is associated offense with a partner, in regard of care of a customer, (Whistle-blowing). You should illuminate the customer why the data should be given to other people, and that it is your obligation to do as such. (Organization strategies and code of training). On the off chance that you need to pass on data that a help client has trusted in you, this may cause strain in your relationship. The administration client may lose trust in you, and be disturbed that you have told another person.

Lyrical Ballads and Hamlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Melodious Ballads and Hamlet - Essay Example he validity of the activities taken by Gertrude as a female character, it is as yet obvious that Shakespeare attempts to make an acknowledgment of this character as a person (Stephen 1). Along these lines, this paper endeavors to examine the degree which self-hood can be achieved using female characters as portrayed by Shakespeare in Hamlet and The Female Vagrant by Wordsworth. The acknowledgment of the human instinct in Gertrude is seen when she drinks the harmed wine that was set up by Claudius, her significant other, for Hamlet. Taking a gander at this episode fundamentally, it is apparent in Act 3 that Gertrude started thinking clearly and felt the blame behind all the indecencies she was doing. For example, it is conceivable that Gertrude engaged in extramarital relations with Claudius even while she was as yet hitched to King Hamlet and most likely this is the reason the marriage among her and Claudius turned out to be so quick after the King’s passing. In addition, it might at present be conceivable that Gertrude took an interest effectively in mystery towards the homicide of her significant other since from the play; she doesn't appear to consider the cases of her child that his uncle killed his dad, the King of Denmark (Stephen 3). A portion of the activities of Gertrude appear to be fueled by her desire and aspiration to hold her station in the castle and her status as the Queen of Denmark (Stephen 4). These are legitimate human aspirations, and each other human will undoubtedly be loaded up with the craving to keep up an illustrious status. It is along these lines not astonishing that Gertrude would do everything to make sure that she holds her status as the Queen of Denmark. What makes this aspiration all wrong is setting off to the outrageous; being prepared even to see her better amazing beginning engaging in sexual relations with another man even in a little while after her spouses passing makes a ton of doubts (Stephen 4). In any case, notwithstanding all the terrible things that Claudius did, she at last conceded that she wasn't right, despite the fact that she didn't utilize communicated in language to lament her deeds, however her activities

Winner START HERE, Vol. 2 Write-In Giveaway!

Winner START HERE, Vol. 2 Write-In Giveaway! Its the last day in our  Kickstarter campaign to publish  START HERE, Vol. 2, a book designed to help you read your way into 25 amazing authors youve wanted to try but havent known where to start. Its important to us that the Book Riot community has a hand in shaping the things we make, so we asked you to write your own sample chapters for the book on the authors youre passionate  about. There were a bunch of terrific entries, and we selected four finalists for you to vote on. Ginas entry on C.S. Lewis received the most votes, and she has won a $50 gift card to her  favorite book retailer. Her chapter will also be considered for inclusion when  START HERE, Vol. 2 is published. Congratulations to Gina, and a big thank you to all our finalists and everyone who entered. Heres the winning entry: C.S. Lewis Why would anyone today want to read an author who, decades ago, was calling himself an outdated “dinosaur?” Because he happened to be dead wrong about that. C. S. Lewis’s work deals with timeless themes, in dense but lucid prose that refuses to grow old. He’s hardly the forgotten writer that he believed he would become; on the contrary, many of his books are bestsellers to this day. But where to start with an author who wrote everything from children’s stories to sci-fi thrillers to lengthy treatises on medieval literature? Here are my suggestions. The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.  Okay, probably you’ve already read itâ€"though maybe you haven’t. I didn’t until I was in my twenties. But it’s where most people first encounter Lewis, and I think that makes a lot of sense. Distilled in the Chronicles of Narnia, and especially in this first book, are all the imagination and humor and spiritual insight that suffuse Lewis’s entire body of work. Not to mention that a good deal of fantasy literature in the decades since the series was published has been either inspired by it, or reacting against it. (I’d suggest that if one reads Philip Pullman’s deeply anti-religious His Dark Materials series, it’s a good idea to read Narnia as well, and get the other side of the debate, so to speak.) So if you’ve already read  Lion, perhaps it’s worth revisitingâ€"and if you haven’t, you have a treat in store. The Screwtape Letters.  I’m tempted to describe this one as “devilishly clever” and leave it at that, but that would hardly do justice to this unique and inventive novel. Through a series of letters, a senior devil instructs his nephew in the fine art of luring a human soul to its doom. The genius of the work resides chiefly in its reminder that evil is not necessarily some grand, tragic, irrevocable choice we make one fateful day. Rather, it’s more often the small, selfish choices we make, day after day, that lead us in the wrong direction. Letters to Children.  Here’s where I throw you a curveball. It’s always been my opinion that you can’t really get to know Lewis until you’ve caught a glimpse of the warm heart beneath the giant brain. And reading this compilation of letters is one of the best ways to do this. Writing to various godchildren and young fans, Lewis answers a plethora of questions, commiserates about school difficulties, offers help with their own research and writing, and draws little doodles of cats and elephants. (“I can only draw a cat from the back view. . . . I think it is rather cheating, don’t you? because it does not show the face which is the difficult part to do,” he confesses to his goddaughter Sarah.) He even encourages some of them to write Narnia fanfiction if they want toâ€"surely one of the most generous gestures a novelist can make. From there one can branch out in any number of directionsâ€"to the Space Trilogy and the mythological novel  Till We Have Faces; to other theological works like  The Great Divorce  and  The Weight of Glory; or to literary essays like “On Stories.” But I believe the three books I’ve listed above are a good starting point to discover which facet of Lewis you likeâ€"or whether, as I do, you just might like all of him. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

Ethical Dilemma Paper - 801 Words

Ethical Dilemma Paper CJA 324 Ethics in Criminal Justice Police officers are held at a higher form of ethical behavior and when they violate the trust bestowed upon them with the position they held, they entire department is viewed as a r corrupt agencies and all they service within that agency are bad people. Their professional responsibilities are driven by codes of ethics to assist them in executing their duties and to safeguard these higher standards of conduct. Everyday law enforcement officials are confronted with a maze of commitments in the implementation of their official duties. (Papenfuhs 2011) Even though law enforcement officials have these standards, they are still challenged with moral dilemmas. This mean the†¦show more content†¦(Papenfuhs 2011) In order to eliminate unethical conduct that police officers deal with, training must be centered on upholding the law. The power of individual influences upon people’s action shall correspond with suitable and equal punishment both in an encouraging and unconst ructive intellect. The outcome of the situation was that the officers were found guilty of possession, manufacturing, and selling illegal drugs. Under their plea agreement, they will serve 15 years to life in prison in a federal prison. Their agency is still trying to recover from the public embarrassment it received from their actions. (Papenfuhs 2011) In conclusion, if you are a public official and you wear a badge, reframe from doing anything that will land you in jail. When there is doubt about any situation that calls into your integrity and you are not sure what action to take? Talk to someone who may know. References: Papenfuhs, Steve. (April 6, 2011). Ethical Dilemmas Cops Face Daily. Retrieved on June 12, 2013 from http://www.policeone.com/legal/articles/3467115-Ethical-dilemmas-cops-face-daily/ Salonga, R. (February 17, 2011). Contra Costa drug force commander arrested in Benicia. Retrieved on June 12, 2013 fromShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Paper1064 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace Ethical Dilemma Paper BSHS / 322 Marcia Winter Introduction Weve all heard the golden rules: In today’s society it is hard to find a good paying job. When one finds a good paying job, that person needs to do whatever he or she can do to keep that job. Ethics can be a problem in a workplace if someone is asked to do something that they do not feel is right. â€Å"Ethics are about making choices that may not always feel good or seem like they benefit you but are the right choices toRead MoreAnalysis Paper: Ethical Dilemma1737 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis Paper: Ethical Dilemma Last summer I had an opportunity to intern for a regional public accounting firm just outside of Philadelphia. During the internship, I encountered my first real on the job ethical dilemma. 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Electron Definition in Science

An electron is a stable negatively charged component of an atom. Electrons exist outside of and surrounding the atom nucleus. Each electron carries one unit of negative charge (1.602 x 10-19 coulomb) and has a small mass as compared with that of a neutron or proton. Electrons are much less massive than protons or neutrons. The mass of an electron is 9.10938 x 10-31 kg. This is about 1/1836 the mass of a proton. In solids, electrons are the primary means of conducting current (since protons are larger, typically bound to a nucleus, and thus more difficult to move). In liquids, current carriers are more often ions. The possibility of electrons was predicted by Richard Laming (1838-1851), Irish physicist G. Johnstone Stoney (1874), and other scientists. The term electron was first suggested by Stoney in 1891, although the electron was not discovered until 1897, by British physicist J.J. Thomson. A common symbol for an electron is e-. The electrons antiparticle, which carries a positive electric charge, is called a positron or antielectron and is denoted using the symbol ÃŽ ²-. When an electron and a positron collide, both particles are annihilated and gamma rays are released. Electron Facts Electrons are considered to be a type of elementary particle because they are not made up of smaller components. They are a type of particle belonging to the lepton family and have the smallest mass of any charged lepton or other charged particle.In quantum mechanics, electrons are considered to be identical to each other because no intrinsic physical property may be used to distinguish between them. Electrons may swap positions with each other without causing an observable change in a system.Electrons are attracted to positive-charged particles, such as protons.Whether or not a substance has a net electric charge is determined by the balance between the number of electrons and the positive charge of atomic nuclei. If there are more electrons than positive charges, a material is said to be negatively charged. If there is an excess of protons, the object is considered to be positively charged. If the number of electrons and protons is balanced, a material is said to be electrically ne utral.Electrons can exist free in a vacuum. They are called free electrons. Electrons in a metal behave as if they were free electrons and can move to produce a net flow of charge termed an electric current. When electrons (or protons) move, a magnetic field is generated.A neutral atom has the same number of protons and electrons. It can have a variable number of neutrons (forming isotopes) since neutrons do not carry a net electric charge.Electrons have properties of both particles and waves. They can be diffracted, like photons, yet can collide with each other and other particles, like other matter.Atomic theory describes electrons as surrounding the proton/neutron nucleus of an atom in shells. While its theoretically possible for an electron to be found anywhere in an atom, it is most probably to find one in its shell.An electron has a spin or intrinsic angular momentum of 1/2.Scientists are capable of isolating and trapping a single electron in a device called a Penning trap. Fr om examining single electrons, researchers have found the largest electron radius is 10-22 meters. For most practical purposes, electrons are assumed to be point charges, which are electrical charges with no physical dimensions.According to the Big Bang theory of the universe, photons had sufficient energy within the first millisecond of the explosion to react with each other to form electron-positron pairs. These pairs annihilated each other, emitting photons. For unknown reasons, there came a time when there were more electrons than positrons and more protons than antiprotons. The surviving protons, neutrons, and electrons began to react with each other, forming atoms.Chemical bonds are the result of transfers or sharing of electrons between atoms. Electrons are used in many applications, too, such as vacuum tubes, photomultiplier tubes, cathode ray tubes,  particle beams for research and welding, and the free-electron laser.The words electron and electricity trace their origins to the ancient Greeks. The ancient Greek word for amber was elektron. The Greeks noticed rubbing fur with amber caused the amber to attract small objects. This is the earliest recorded experimentation with electricity. The English scientist William Gilbert coined the term electricus to refer to this attractive property.

Male Teachers Perform Better in Schools Than Female Teachers (350 Words) Free Essays

Title: Male teachers perform better in school than female teachers Female teachers in schools are getting more common than male teachers these days compare to last time when females were only taught to be housewives. However, schools without male teachers are prone to have disciplinary problems. Some of the reasons why male teachers performed better in schools than female teachers are male teachers are better discipliners, better leaders and better emotion controller than female teachers. We will write a custom essay sample on Male Teachers Perform Better in Schools Than Female Teachers (350 Words) or any similar topic only for you Order Now Male teachers are better discipliners than female teachers. This is because females are recognised to have a softer side that can affect the discipline actions taken on naughty students. Besides that, rebellious students will take the motherly side of female teachers for granted and cause trouble. Therefore, male teachers are more suitable to discipline students as their strict personality can intimidate students. Another reason why male teachers perform better in school than female teachers are male teachers have better leadership than female teachers. This statement is supported by the fact that men usually play the dominant role in their family whereas women play the submissive role. Therefore, male teachers can lead a class better and be a role model to students especially to male students. Moreover, most of the well performed schools are lead by male principals. Male teachers can work more efficient than female teachers at all times. This is because men have better emotion control than most women and won’t get distracted by personal issues. They have better focus in their work than female teachers and have certain ego that makes them to do their best in their job. Therefore, the drive in male teachers to perform better is more than female teachers. In conclusion, male teachers can teach better than female teachers. Although female teachers are known to be like mothers in schools, schools still need male teachers to lead and run the school’s administration and system well to create better study environment for all students. How to cite Male Teachers Perform Better in Schools Than Female Teachers (350 Words), Papers

McDonald at Balham in London

Question: Describe about the satisfaction in perspective of fast food industry and specifically on McDonald at Balham in London? Answer: Abstract This research assignment report will focus on selected topic customers satisfaction in perspective of fast food industry and specifically on McDonald. Customer satisfaction is essential and more important in hospitality sectors. Most of researchers have researched that supported and justified the importance and levels of focus of each organization in perspective of customers satisfaction through cater range of products and services. The research project is discussed on importance of customers satisfaction and their overall impact on McDonald. Through literature review the research assignment will reflect how customer satisfaction is important factor exists and potential scenario to create customer loyalty, business continuity and sustainability with respect to fast food industry. Literature review present information based on available data in secondary sources that involves past research articles, journals and web based reliable and authenticate sites that discussed and justified importance and role of customers satisfaction in existing competitive business environment. The research majorly focus on different practice that are using by McDonald in perspective of catering products and services and level of satisfaction involves in overall process in existing scenario. The literature review also present and discuss some models that reflect importance of service models in perspective of measure degree of services and satisfaction. (Anderson, 2009) Introduction and Background Background of the Study This research assignment report will contain in-depth, descriptive and analytical information on McDonald who is operating its business at Balham in London. The research report will focus on one of common and most important factor customers satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is one of the critical issue that face by most of the fast food businesses. The research assignment report will reflect detail research information on identified important factor that is Customer satisfaction in McDonald. This research report will present existing practices, strategies and processes that McDonald is using to maintain their customers satisfaction and discuss how effectively McDonald is managing customers satisfaction. 1. Formulate research project outline specifications Proposal for a research project Customer satisfaction is the major and important parameter in any organization. With respect to high competition, the business needs to focus on an availability of the business. The company is facing issues with CRM strategies and there is a need to manage and maintain the customer loyalty with respect to customer satisfaction. It could be important with respect to proper implementation as well as training of CRM in McDonalds. This will help the company to increase the sales and business with respect to companys image. (Wetsch, 2008) The major area of research is the strategic issue developed by the organization that has been conducted in McDonalds, Balham London. The participants belong to different departments in the company such as human resources, quality department as well as customer services. (Carey, 2012) The present situation of the company is to increase is that the consumers has decreased their spending habits and McDonalds has done well to overcome the issues and followed major steps of marketing strategies to increase the sales and profits. The company followed the higher level of services to meet the customer complaints and they focused on handling the situation with respect to customer complaints. 2. Factors that contribute to the process of research project selection Research questions To implement the effective CRM strategy in McDonalds Balham, London? To develop the customer loyalty with effective approaches of CRM? The major advantages of strong customer services in hospitality industry? On-the-job training will help to implement the customer relations management? Justification of selection Continuous changes and changing requirements of customers in hospitality sector is important. It is essential for McDonalds, Balham to deal with customer satisfaction, safety and enjoyment of customers. The strategies of decision making are important for business and it also helps to improve the process successfully. Thus, it is vital to deal with the issues with respect to customer satisfaction and the quality of the products. According to the case of McDonalds, Balham, the company is facing huge issues with respect to customer satisfaction. There is a need to deal with those challenges and McDonald is required to achieve high level of customer satisfaction. The company will offer on the job training to meet with success and also it will create a huge difference in the organization. (Rigby, 2013) Research questions were discussed to deal with the quick and easy approaches in terms of maintaining the strong customer relationships and this is important for customer satisfaction. Factors supported with secondary research The major purpose of the research proposal is to deal with the strategic challenge that leads to customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is the essential parameter for maintaining customer relations and it will help in identifying and improving the different factors that can limit the customer satisfaction to meet the major criterias such as quality, commitment, satisfaction and improvements. (Read, 2009) Secondary research Secondary research includes relevant information from different reliable sources. It is based on the sources of direct communication and face to face interaction that helps to meet the observational techniques. This is vital for the researcher to communicate with the respondents and it helps the researcher to fill the questionnaires and to provide the complete information on the same. Secondary data is a great source for internet that helps in using the internet to develop the major area. This method also helps to collect the information and it saves time and offers database in a long range. (Nimer Som, 2012) Thus, the comprehensive section of literature review deals with the steps for research questionnaires and analysis. This will also help to meet the strategy and it will determine the potential advantages to meet the information for major goals. 3. Undertake a critical review of key references Literature review McDonalds is the worlds largest food service retailer with more than 3000 restaurants in 119 countries. The company operates for increasing loyalty and CRM helps to develop the customer loyalty and increase its effectiveness in organization. (Forwardanalytics, 2006) Implement effective customer relationship management in McDonalds Balham, London Customer depends on the skills and abilities that can provide strong customer relationship with their relationship. CRM implementation helps to develop the loyal and potential customers to invest on quality and money. CRM helps to enable the technology and McDonalds; Balham can track the customer satisfaction by creating a strong relationship with the customer. CRM is not only the application of technology but it is vital to meet the needs of the customers. Effective CRM helps in McDonalds help to identify the strong association. There are opportunities with respect to major sources such as direct marketing and online sales that are vital to achieve the goals and objectives. (Ialongo, 2001) Customer relationship management helps to deal with the major insight of the business. This helps to understand the improvement of customer relations. McDonalds, Balham can try to implement effective customer relationship management to improve the customer experiences. Customer loyalty increases with effective CRM With the effective CRM, loyalty increases. CRM software is important to increase the loyalty in variety of ways. It also increases loyalty and this creates synergy among the process of business. It easily tracks the level of retention of the customer and also employee retention plays an important role in CRM. Loyal customers are the valuable parameters to offer sales at retention cost. It offers support and cooperation for easy and fast response to deal with the CRM closely. McDonald can try to deal with customer loyalty and it can increase the business functions and customer loyalty. With the help of CRM, McDonalds, Balham can create safety to improve the quality of the products. CRM is important to develop the quality of the products. (Doyle, 2011) Advantages of strong customer services in hospitality sector Customer service determines the requirements and expectations of customers. Customer service is the major tool in the organization as it helps in effective customer loyalty. Service quality helps to deal with tangibility, assurance, reliability, empathy and responsiveness. The model of Servqual develops high accuracy and quality in the customers mind and it helps to offer strong parameters of service quality. Excellent customer service helps in evaluating the service quality and meeting the customers expectations to measure the customer relations. This deals with high quality. With the help of effective customer service, business can develop strong outcomes. With the development of strong morale, it can create the pleasant work atmosphere. Excellent customer service is highly important for the hospitality industry and it places the business in the forefront of the customers. McDonalds Balham can increase the tool to enhance the referrals with the enhancement of customer expectations. (Bowen, 2006) On the job training implement effective CRM With the help of on the job training, McDonalds Balham, London can increase the loyalty of customers in multiple ways. With the on-the-job training, the customer complaints will be handled successfully. Literature helps to develop the research problem and question with respect to the research study. It deals with the clear identification of literature towards research question. This involves scholars, journals, books, other sources. It also contains news papers, other secondary sources etc. The research based on the descriptive study helps to identify the customer satisfaction and it will involve close ended as well as multiple type selections. It also measures the data and feedbacks with respect to the attitude of the employees. Thus, research is vital to measure the rate of satisfaction. It is important to collect the data and it identifies the information to reach the effective outcomes. This contains strong outcomes to meet the research. (Bryman, 2004) Primary research identifies the information associated with the particular topic. Secondary research contains data from multiple sources and it is vital to know the real image in the minds of the researcher. This research will focus on questionnaires and surveys to conduct the research properly and the secondary data includes major sources of internet that helps to save time and offer a huge database in a long range. Secondary data is the major source of internet and it uses main idea of secondary step. This contains literature review, case study and research that offer clear understanding of secondary information. (Bae, 2012) 4. Research project specification Aim and objective of research Aim of this research is to analyze current level of satisfaction in McDonald. Objectives Explore different theories and practical process to enhance customers satisfaction in fast food industry and specifically in McDonald. Discuss and rate key factors that impact customers satisfaction in fast food industry, hospitality sector and McDonald. Conduct research to support and justify relevance and importance of customers satisfaction in McDonald Chosen methodology The major data collection technique is to collect the information from the respondents as it offers clear idea on the knowledge and expertise. This could be achieving on the basis of direct communication and face to face interaction. It is very important to communicate directly with the respondents and the research helps with the chosen methodology called as surveys as well as questionnaires to communicate with the participants. (Joseph, 2014) Sample The sample respondents of 20 senior managers were taken to deal the suitability and convenience. The participants were grouped from 30-50 years of age and they were asked to fill the questionnaires. They were able to know the views and experiences of the strategic issues in McDonalds Balham, London. Hypothesis H0: CRM is vital for McDonalds, Balham London to create high loyalty and to make them satisfied. This develops positive perception to improve on the products as well as services quality which is vital for McDonalds, Balham, London. H1: CRM is vital for McDonalds, Balham London to create high loyalty and to make them satisfied. This develops positive perception to improve on the products as well as services quality which is not vital for McDonalds, Balham, and London. Result The research is proving null hypothesis H0: The researcher has chosen H0 as null hypothesis. H1: The researcher has taken H1 as hypothesis. Null hypothesis: Not critical = H1 (Methodsofdiscovery.net. 2014) With the help of the above graph, the research discussed importance of effective CRM in McDonalds Balham, London to deal with the strategic issues and to resolve customer complaints with respect to the research and necessary implementations. Thus it is necessary to focus on implementing effective CRM strategies according to the respondent views and experiences. (Methodsofdiscovery.net, 2014) Obstacles and challenges There were issues with the number of respondents due to less time and lack of financial resources. The challenges with the research works are as follows: Limited number of sample size is the major challenge during the interview and questionnaires as well as surveys. With the insufficiency of the interviews and surveys, it was complex to gather the most relevant information from McDonald on customer satisfaction. The issues of ethics were another limitation for its research. The issue of privacy, confidentiality and other issues were the major challenge in the research. A. Appropriate plan and procedures Action plan and target dates Research completion timeframe List of activities /------- Months 1st month 2nd month 3rd month 4th month Literature review based on past research, articles and journals on research topic Identify, define, design research aim, objective, research questions for data collection and research Research methodologies (Primary Secondary research ) to collect data in perspective of research aim an d objective Final research report preparation ( include facts and figures based on collected data, graphical representation and all) (Prasongsukarn, 2014) Action Plan, Monitoring and Updating activities In the above in Gantt chart reflect the timeline to complete the research activities in different phases according to involve list of activities in each phase. To understand the importance of customers satisfaction in fast food industry and in McDonald this research will drive in following ways: The major activity will be survey and data gathering during survey that will provide real scenario, facts and figures for McDonald. Direct interaction with customers will help in terms of rate the level of satisfaction based on identified factors and parameters in questionnaires that are may be affecting customers practices and processes. Data collection for research is completely based on two techniques that involves primary data collection techniques that have direct interaction with customers who are coming McDonald and share their view through structured questionnaires and another methodology is secondary source that reflect past research result. Conclusion To conclude, researcher is able to collect information on internal business practices, processes and strategies of McDonalds in terms of catering their products and services and how these all strategies impacting the level of satisfaction among customers. The analysis of internal communication process, management, response time and customers feedback reflect McDonalds position in existing scenario along with customers preferences. Continuous observation, interaction and internal auditing will help to monitor overall research work and help to generate more appropriate and accurate data for research. (Media.com, 2004) References Anderson, T. 2010. Improving customer loyalty through a regular customer program: Final thesis report. Retrieved from https://publications.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/16386/Savolainen_Teemu.pdf?sequence=2 Bae, H. 2012. Three essays on the customer satisfaction customer loyalty association: Iowa research online. University of Iowa. Retrieved from https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3256context=etd Bowen, D. 2006. Managing customers as human resources in service organizations: Human resource management. Vol. 25. No. 3, pp. 371-383. Bryman, A. 2004. Social research methods. 2nd ed. Oxford University. Carey, J. 2014. An investigation into the extent to which guest knowledge and familiarity of the Marriott brand differs from their experiences in a London hotel, pp. 38 Doyle, C. 2011. Finding and using information: Literature searching. University of West London. Forwardanalytics. 2006. Benefits of customer satisfaction and loyalty programs: Forward analytics. Gustavsson, S. 2005. Customer loyalty: Bachelors thesis, pp. 52. Ialongo, D. 2001. Building customer loyalty: Destination CRM.com Infoentrepreneurs. 2009. Customer relationship management: Info entrepreneurs. Retrieved from https://www.infoentrepreneurs.org/en/guides/customer-relationship-management/ Joseph, C. 2014. What are the benefits of delivering excellent customer service: Small business. Marketingdonut. 2014. Using CRM effectively and building customer relationships: The marketing donut. Resources for your business. Media.com. 2004. Apply the power of CRM to build customer loyalty: Chapter 8. No. 8, pp. 123. Methodsofdiscovery.net. 2014. Chapter 4: Finding and evaluating research sources. Nimer, A. Som, A. 2012. Service quality management in hotel industry: A conceptual framework for food and beverage departments. Vol. 7. No. 14, pp. 33-81. Northwestbusiensslife.co.uk. 2013. The importance of customer service in the hospitality industry: North west business life. Prasongsukarn, K. 2014. Customer relationship management from theory to practice: Implementation steps. Read, B. 2009. Top tips to build and keep customer loyalty with CRM: Customer interaction solutions. Rigby, D. 2013. Winning customer loyalty is the key to a winning CRM strategy: Ivey business journal. Songer, D., Molenaar, K. Robinson, G. 2007. Selection factors and success criteria for design build in the U.S. and U.K: University of Colorado. Retrieved from https://www.colorado.edu/engineering/civil/Design-Build/papers/usuk/ Wetsch, R. 2008. Trust satisfaction and loyalty in customer relationship management: Journal of relationship marketing. Vol. 4. No. 4, pp. 29-42. Section B: Please rate the level of Importance effective CRM:- SL Parameters Extremely Unimportant Unimportant Average important Important Extremely Important 1 Customer relations 1 2 3 4 5 2 Corporate image 1 2 3 4 5 3 Improvement in core strategy. 1 2 3 4 5 4 You were satisfied with on-the-job training 1 2 3 4 5 5 Customer satisfaction 1 2 3 4 5 6 Effective customer services 1 2 3 4 5 7 Product quality 1 2 3 4 5 8 Easy access to customer information 1 2 3 4 5 9 Increase sales effectiveness 1 2 3 4 5 10 Reduce customer support time 1 2 3 4 5 11 Quick response 1 2 3 4 5 12 Referrals 1 2 3 4 5 13 Cost effective marketing 1 2 3 4 5 14 Opportunities maximization 1 2 3 4 5 15 Long term profits 1 2 3 4 5 16 Employee retention 1 2 3 4 5 17 Continuous improvements 1 2 3 4 5 18 Sales force automation 1 2 3 4 5 19 Lead management 1 2 3 4 5 20 Overall performance 1 2 3 4 5

Timothy Brown Essays (1093 words) - Military, United States Army

Timothy Brown Prof. Julian Rierson Compensation/ Benefits April 23, 2017 My Career Path Army officers are some of the best leaders in the world . Being an officer gives you an opportunity to grow professionally and personally. Education is a major key in the army. Since the beginning of my army career 3 years ago, my leaders always pushed me to learn new things. Being an officer , you need to well educated in a variety of topics. I believe with having a management degree it will help me lead other better. Officers take care of their subordinates, unlike some leaders I've encountered in the civilian world. Being an officer I plan on taking care of and motivating my subordinates to be the best at their full potential. Becoming an officer would be a great feeling. Being in the ROTC program gives me the opportunity to grow into the leader I want to be. Leading by example is something all officers should display. From watching officers throughout my military career they exemplify self-discipline, confidence, present military and professional bear ing. Those are some characteristics I wish to build while becoming an officer. Living by he army values are stepping stone to becoming a great military leader. Resilience is one of the biggest thing I've learned how to show since I've joined the army. No matter how hard things get I will continue to try and keep pushing. When a leader exemplifies resilience it will motivate their followers to do the same. The military has plenty of ways benefiting me financially, academically, and personally. For my career choice I was limited on some of the information . I specifically want to be an aviation officer. The SOC code for an aviation officer is 55-1011. An aviation officer is responsible for coordination of aviation operations from maintenance to controlling tower operations to tactical field operations. CITATION Uni1 \l 1033 (United State Army) The salary for an army officer varies depending on rank and years served. CITATION Uni \l 1033 (United States Army) Starting out as a Second Lieutenant with 2 or less years of service is $36,417.60. The amounts represented above is just base salary, which doesn't include bonuses, allowances and other benefits. The total compensation amount would be way more than the above amount. Most of the information for salary about an army officer was found on the actual army website. The bas e pay is the same in all states so I couldn't find certain pay for only the Columbus, Ga area. The army is constantly growing everyday. An article from USA today states that this year the Army is spending $300 million on bonuses and ads to get an additional 6,000 recruits than normal. By Oct. 1, the Army is going for a target of 476,000 active duty soldiers, up from the previous goal of 460,000. President Trump has said he wants an even larger force as many as 60,000 more soldiers. CITATION Chr \l 1033 (Chantrill) CITATION Bur \l 1033 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Dep artment of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook,) The army will double bonuses for new recruits in the hard to fill positions. Advertisement plays a big role in the growth of the army. The army is planning to spend $100 million on marketing to reach new recruits, which will reference the increase in the bonus amount. With this increase in bonuses this will motivate more people to join. The army now offer a two-year enlistment, which is lower than the normal three, four or more years. CITATION Tom17 \l 1033 (Brook) CITATION Chr \l 1033 (Chantrill) Above is a chart showing how much the US spend on its defenses. If you look at 2017 the amount is more than other years, because the target the military make increasing the amount of recruits entering the army. Opportunities should be good for qualified individuals in the military, plenty of the services that the military offer help fill entry-level and professional positions as current members move through the ranks, leave the service, or even retire. When the economy is thriving and civilian employment opportunities are generally more favorable, it is more difficult for the military to meet its recruitment quotas.

Free Essays on The Birthmark

Vanity and pride are often considered major sins of the flesh. In Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark†, vanity and pride play major roles in the downfall of the characters, especially Georgiana. Georgiana is responsible for her own fate to a limited extent due to her husband’s vanity, the time period she lived in, and her own soft personality. The reader is able to follow Georgiana’s downfall throughout the story until the final climax of her personality flaws and Aylmer’s sins ends in her death. The primary cause of Georgiana’s downfall was one that was out of her control. She mainly fell victim to her husband’s vanity. Georgiana’s birthmark was a part of her and she was accustomed to seeing it upon her cheek. She received compliments about it. The fact that the birthmark was emblazoned on her cheek had never been a cause of concern for her. For Aylmer, the birthmark was a flaw that grew more egregious with every passing day. Aylmer was so concerned with Georgiana’s only physical flaw that his vanity took over his rational thinking. Georgiana fell victim to his vanity due to the fact that she wanted to be pleasing to her husband, and the only way for her to be pleasing to Aylmer was to be rid of the birthmark. Georgiana also fell victim to the time period in which she existed. In Georgiana’s society a woman was subject to her husband. Aylmer wanted to remove the birthmark; Georgiana would not refute him. The birthmark made Georgiana an abomination to her husband. This played heavily enough on Georgiana’s psyche that she began to become self-conscious about the mark. Georgiana is so desperate to fit her husband’s ideal that she is willing to give her life, if it means the birthmark would be refuted and she would be perfect in Aylmer’s eyes. This factor was somewhat out of Georgiana’s control. Women of her time were conditioned to be complacent; therefore, she felt compelled to do her husband... Free Essays on The Birthmark Free Essays on The Birthmark Vanity and pride are often considered major sins of the flesh. In Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Birthmark†, vanity and pride play major roles in the downfall of the characters, especially Georgiana. Georgiana is responsible for her own fate to a limited extent due to her husband’s vanity, the time period she lived in, and her own soft personality. The reader is able to follow Georgiana’s downfall throughout the story until the final climax of her personality flaws and Aylmer’s sins ends in her death. The primary cause of Georgiana’s downfall was one that was out of her control. She mainly fell victim to her husband’s vanity. Georgiana’s birthmark was a part of her and she was accustomed to seeing it upon her cheek. She received compliments about it. The fact that the birthmark was emblazoned on her cheek had never been a cause of concern for her. For Aylmer, the birthmark was a flaw that grew more egregious with every passing day. Aylmer was so concerned with Georgiana’s only physical flaw that his vanity took over his rational thinking. Georgiana fell victim to his vanity due to the fact that she wanted to be pleasing to her husband, and the only way for her to be pleasing to Aylmer was to be rid of the birthmark. Georgiana also fell victim to the time period in which she existed. In Georgiana’s society a woman was subject to her husband. Aylmer wanted to remove the birthmark; Georgiana would not refute him. The birthmark made Georgiana an abomination to her husband. This played heavily enough on Georgiana’s psyche that she began to become self-conscious about the mark. Georgiana is so desperate to fit her husband’s ideal that she is willing to give her life, if it means the birthmark would be refuted and she would be perfect in Aylmer’s eyes. This factor was somewhat out of Georgiana’s control. Women of her time were conditioned to be complacent; therefore, she felt compelled to do her husband... Free Essays on The Birthmark In â€Å"The Birthmark†, Hawthorne described a young scientist who killed his own wife by pursuing a â€Å"perfect future† (1) while trying to remove a birthmark on his wife’s face. This becomes an obsession to Alymer and this obsession proves to be fatal to Gerogiana. The Birthmark on Georgiana face was not seen as ugly but merely as an imperfection to her overall beauty. It was the birth mark that made her human. â€Å"Nature, in one shape or another, stamps ineffaceable on all her reproductions†(2). When Alymer married Gerogiana he put little thought into the birth mark that was on her face. During the marriage Alymer became obsessed with the mark and believed it to be her â€Å"liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death†(2). Alymer becomes increasingly obsessed with the mark and Gerorgiana tells Alymer to â€Å"do whatever necessary to remove the birth mark no matter what the consequences†(3). She tells him this instead of going off and finding someone who was perfect in his eyes. This is her downfall. She is willing to risk her life for her perfection so that her husband will have a peace of mind. She would do â€Å"what ever necessary to relieve her husband from his misery caused by her birth mark†(3). Some believed that Georgiana’s birthmark was actually the source of her life. That the mark on her face was connected to her blood line that kept her body going with the blood necessary to live. The birth mark was â€Å"In the centre of Georgiana’s left cheek,†¦a singular mark, deeply interwoven, as it were with the texture and substance of her face†(2). The birth mark â€Å"serves as the grasp that nature holds on her† (2) Nature has put a balance on all life. Georgiana was perfect in every way except for her birth mark. Nature put the birth mark on her to keep the balance of life. When Alymer attempted to remove the birth mark he altered the balance. â€Å"Since nature can not be changed or altered†¦punishmen... Free Essays on The Birthmark The Birthmark Imperfections are found in everyone. The difference is that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Those in true love, love unconditionally. The flaws they find in those they love are found to be unique, and make them more amazing to their lover. If someone is not in love, but they believe they are, the quirks and flaws they find in the person can be found to completely destroy the perfect picture they had created for themselves. In the story, â€Å"The Birthmark,† by Hawthorne, the flaw of the Georgiana starts to nag at Aylmer, he forgets all that he loves about her which allows him to be disgusted with her flaw will and drive him completely insane Although the two characters, Aylmer and Georgiana, in â€Å"The Birthmark† believe they are in love, Aylmer is not. In the beginning of their relationship, Aylmer believes Georgiana is gorgeous, but shortly after their marriage, he begins to pick at her most noticeable blemish. The hand shaped birthmark on her left cheek was thought by her other lovers that a fairy had pressed a tiny hand to her face at her birth and this impression was left. At first Aylmer didn’t mind her minor flaw, but soon it began to drive him mad. When she blushes, it conceals itself among her rosy cheek, but when she is pale, it sticks out at him. He finds her now to be imperfect and will risk her life to change her appearance and to make it perfect. Knowing how many times he has failed at most of his experiments, Aylmer will still put Georgiana’s life in danger in order to succumb to his own needs. This in essence shows us that he truly does not care about Georgiana, while she on the other hand is so blindly in love with him that even knowing the consequences still goes along with his experiment. She cares more about Aylmer’s happiness then she does of her own which shows that she loves him unselfishly. At first she is very upset by his suggestion that she should get it removed, b... Free Essays on The Birthmark Individualism In the story â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne there is an underlying theme of individualism. The character Aylmer is a scientific person. The fact that the whole story is about removing a physical flaw from Georgiana’s face when she is obviously beautiful demonstrates the degree of individualism between men and women. Men’s lives are public and open to society and the lives of women are private. As the story progresses Aylmer sees the birth mark as progressively more repugnant when he originally found Georgiana beautiful. Aylmer only sees Georgiana’s superficial beauty and no longer sees her for her inner beauty, the beauty of nature. Aylmer is a man, who in his time had a public life. The lives of women were seen differently than the lives of men. Women’s lives tend to be more private. The theme of individualism as is portrayed in â€Å"The Birthmark† is much different than today’s. Hawthorne is setting out to warn people that the rules of individualism can be harmful if used irresponsibly. Because Aylmer’s public life is to be seen by all, he is ashamed of the birthmark on his wife’s face. By wanting to remove Georgina’s birthmark he was attempting to redeem him self at any cost. Hawthorne also wants the reader to understand that when men take the role of god into their own hands. With this power the results are usually disastrous. Aylmer and Georgiana are talking about a potion that has the power to postpone death indefinitely, and in her disbelief, she says, â€Å"Aylmer are you in earnest?† Asked Georgiana, looking at him in amazement and fear; â€Å"it is a terrible thing to possess such power, or even to dream of possessing it (Hawthorne, 1963, p. 211)!† This theory of man playing God that Hawthorne points out has been a part of man’s public nature from the beginning of time. There is always a price to pay for individualism. In â€Å"The Birthmark† Aylmer and ... Free Essays on The Birthmark THE BIRTHMARK â€Å"The Birthmark† written in 1843 by Nathaniel Hawthorne tells the tale of husband’s insane obsession with his wife’s perfection, and wife’s willingness to forgo her own happiness in order to prove her undying love to her husband. â€Å"The Birthmark† though written in the 19th century can still be attributed to modern day life styles. Even now we are still trying to obtain â€Å"perfection† through plastic surgery, magical elixirs, and 24 hour fat burning diet pills. Nathaniel Hawthorne was born July 4, 1804 in Salem Massachusetts, the descendent of a long line of puritan ancestors, including John Hawthorne, a presiding magistrate in the Salem witch trails. After his father was lost at sea when he was four, his mother became overly protective and pushed him toward more isolated pursuits. It is said that Hawthorne felt a responsibility for his ancestor’s role in the witch trials. His secluded childhood left him overly shy and he turned his attention to reading. As a child he is known to have studied Shakespeare, Milton, Pope and Thompson. In 1821 Hawthorne entered Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, where he graduated three years later. There he distinguished himself in the classics, and he wrote several creditable English poems. Also, while at college he became acquainted with the likes of Henry W. Longfellow and Franklin Pierce. Though often held as an excellent writer, Hawthorne could not support himself financially and accepted an appointment as a weigher in the Customs House. After two years of public service a change in the administration left him unemployed and he returned to Salem where he wrote a collection of children’s short stories called â€Å"Grandfather’s Chair†. A new period in his life commenced in 1842 when he married Miss Sofia Peabody, and moved to Concord, Massachusetts. In 1845, yet another rift in the national administration secured for him the appointment of surveyor of The Custom Ho...

Corporate social responsibility plan. Royal Dutch Shell Corporation Research Paper

Corporate social responsibility plan. Royal Dutch Shell Corporation - Research Paper Example In exploring this subject, I wish to shed light on the significance of creating a timely and strategic corporate social responsibility program that strengthens and nourishes the corporate identity and image of Shell. I like to end this paper by presenting specific executions for the CSR program. Company Background: As a corporation that positions itself as the â€Å"leading innovator for the energy future†, Royal Dutch Shell or Shell aims to maintain sustainable development by delivering its short-term and long-term business interests with economic, environmental, and social considerations (Royal Dutch Shell A, 2009). Through sustainable development, Shell believes that it is able to: firstly, govern the way it develops new oil explorations and projects on alternative energy; secondly, manage its downstream supply chains; and lastly, share its benefits to society by delivering quality products and by spearheading community projects. Shell is present in more than 90 countries worldwide, has 93,000 full-time employees, and maintains a fuel retail network of around 43,000 service stations. In 2010, Shell was able to produce 3.3 million barrels of oil equivalent per day while it generated earnings of $20.5 billion. It spent $23.7 billion on net capital investment while it spent over $1.0 billion on research and development (R&D). The business operations of Shell are classified under three major categories—upstream, downstream, and projects and technology. Firstly, Shell Upstream is involved in the search and recovery of oil and natural gas; and the extraction of heavy oil from oil sands for conversion into synthetic crudes. (Royal Dutch Shell C, 2001). Secondly, Shell Downstream is involved in the manufacturing, supplying, and marketing of oil products and chemicals worldwide. Businesses under manufacturing and supply include refineries, chemical plants, and the supply and distribution of feedstock and other products. On the other hand, businesses under marketing sell a range of products including fuels, lubricants, bitumen, and liquefied petroleum gas for home, transport, and industrial use. Lastly, Shell Projects and Technology manages and drives the research and technology development programs for major projects of Shell. It provides technical services and technology capability to the Upstream and Downstream businesses. At this point, it is crucial to highlight that the company engages in business activities that have direct impact on the environment. For one, most Shell upstream operations need elaborate technologies that would guide the extraction of oil from the sea bed. As for its downstream arm , Shell recognizes the volume of carbon dioxide being emitted by its refining plants. Therefore, there is a strong and direct link between profitable business and responsible waste management. II. Climate Change and Managing Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Shell recognizes its significant role in halving the carbon dioxide emissions by 2050 to avoid the worst effects of climate change. However, the company believes that the actions needed to alleviate the impacts of climate cha

Contingency Planning in Action Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contingency Planning in Action - Term Paper Example In case the initial plan does not work out, the organization should have already identified an alternative to curb the risk (Doughty, K. 2001). The risks should first be identified and prioritized in order of the impacts they could have to the organization. Plan development should be the next step where certain guidelines such as definition of time periods should be done. The next step should be maintenance of the plan; it should be kept practical and relevant. Rephox is an organization based in India. It has its headquarters in Mumbai and a branch in Delhi. The organization has fifty employees in total, thirty of which work at the headquarters and the rest work in Delhi. It is an organization that provides auditing and accounting services. It helps its clients with cost accounting systems, preparation of financial statements, financial reporting, internal audits and services that provide assurance. The organization depends on technology for the provision of their services to clients. It has systems that protect information systems which comply with regulatory requirements. The organization provides information controls for the reduction of costs and gaining of competitive advantage. It uses professional accreditations where personnel handling the information systems must qualify. The business faces certain threats which include internet insecurity. Internet and firewall threats also exist where viruses may infect the audit systems through online services. There is also network and data insecurity threat when transferring information from the branch to the headquarters and vice versa. The organization’s systems might be hacked into and security details such as passwords and biometric controls interfered with. The wide area network for the organization may be interfered with affecting the clients’ servers. The mission of the organization is to serve public interest. This is done by contribution to development of standards and guidance of

Domestication of Maize in Mesoamerica

Domestication of Maize in Mesoamerica One of the most basic needs of a human being is that of food. We most eat and drink to survive. Subsistence is a natural thought which consumes every modern humans day. What will I eat for breakfast? What will I take for lunch or will I eat out? Should I take something out for dinner or pick something up on the way home? All of these questions seem at times quite complicated, however are without a doubt, much simpler than what may have crossed the minds of prehistoric humans. Just as it is today subsistence was the center of each cultures world. Whether you were nomadic or sedentary each group of hunter-gatherers had to eat. It is the survival of these societies which allows us as archaeologists a peak into the past. The process of gathering enough food in which to obtain a sufficient amount of calories was first and foremost in everyday life. The process of domestication of certain plants eventually led to more nucleated settlements. Let us keep in mind Morgans theory of culture, if this is correct, that cultural progression is lineal; than it is safe to assume that the only natural progression for prehistoric humans was to transition from the hunter gather stage of obtaining subsistence to a more agricultural life style. One cultigen in particular was maize, now referred to as corn. In this paper an attempt will made to properly explain what maize is, how maize became a major staple in prehistoric peoples diet, and lastly how has maize been detected in Mesoamerica through evidence in the archaeological record. What is maize? It is a large species of American grass of the genus Zea (Z. Mays) widely cultivated as a forage and food plant; known as Indian corn (http://archaeology.about.com). Maize is a cultigen; this is a crop that cannot propagate in the wild without human intervention. Plant domestication can be defined as the human creation of a new form of plant, dependent on human intervention, harvesting and planting for survival. Maize has a distinct planting season, growing season, and harvesting season. There is a worldwide importance placed on corn. In the Western Hemisphere it is by far the most important human food crop (Beadle, 615). It is still the most important crop in all of Latin America. On a worldwide basis it is the third most important human food crop, with an annual production of some two hundred metric tons (Beadle, 615). When Columbus arrived from the Old World and stumbled upon this strange crop on the island of Cuba, essentially all major races of maize-some two to three hundred- were already in cultivation and had been disseminated from its place of origin, probably southern Mexico (which will be explained further in the paper), to mid-Chile in the south and to the mouth of the St. Lawrence River in the north. The passage below from a science magazine will further help explain the definition of maize. Corn, also known as maize (from the Spanish maiz) was first domesticated nearly 10,000 years ago from teosinte, a wild grass that looked quite different from our modern crop. Teosinte grew in Mexico and Central America as a bushy plant with many spikes, the precursor to our familiar ear of corn. The small teosinte spikes had only two rows of nearly inedible kernels, or seeds, each enclosed by a hard covering. These seeds separated individually at maturity and were dispersed widely. In probably less than a thousand years, the tiny spikes of ancestral teosinte transformed into larger ears with edible kernels that remained on the cob for easy harvest. How these dramatic changes occurred has been a puzzle for over a century. Geneticists are now convinced that humans living in the Balsas River region of Mexico were foraging teosinte seeds when they noticed rare aberrations-likely caused by random mutations-that increased spike size dramatically. Seeds were propagated from these bigger spi kes, and thus the remarkable events of domestication began. By studying the maize genome, researchers have now confirmed that mutations in single genes, such as Teosinte glume architectural (Tgal). Alter kernel and plant structure and that changes in many genes influence complex developmental traits, such as the time to flowering. As human populations migrated throughout the Americas, new varieties of maize were selected to grow in local environments. Some varieties were maintained as so-called landraces, each growing in ecological niches in Mexico and South America. Now, these varieties and landraces hold a wealth of genetic diversity, which is being tapped for both basic research and as traits for crop breeding(http://www.sciencemag.org/products/posters/maize_poster) How did maize become a major staple in prehistoric peoples diet? Where there other uses or maize other than subsistence? New research shows that there is unequivocally four major independent centers of plant domestication; the Near East, China, Eastern North America and Mesoamerica. (Smith 1989: 1566) The Americas is believed to provide the clearest record there is of agriculture origins anywhere in the world, providing new understanding of the process involved in this key transformation in human history. However, the process is believed to have started in Mesoamerica. Maize has many uses; food, feed for live stock and energy for industries. As a food, the whole grain, either mature or immature, may be used; or the maize may be processed by dry milling techniques to give a relatively large number of intermediary products, such as maize grits of different particle size, maize meal, maize flour and flaking grits. (http://fao.org) These materials have a significant number of applications in a large variety of foods. Maize grown in subsistence agriculture continues to be used as a basic food crop. In developed countries more than 60 percent of the production is used in compounded feeds for poultry, pigs and ruminant animals. In recent years, even in developing countries in which maize is a staple food, more of it has been used as an animal feed ingredient. High moisture maize has been paid much attention recently as an animal feed because of its lower cost and its capacity to improve efficiency in feed conversion. The by-products of dry milling include the germ and the seed-coat. The former is used as a source of edible oil of high quality. The seed-coat or pericarp is used mainly as a feed, although in recent years interest has developed in it as a source of dietary fiber (Earl et al., 1988; Burge and Duensing, 1989). Wet milling is a process applicable mainly in the industrial use of maize, although the alkaline cooking process used in manufacturing tortillas (the thin, flat bread of Mexico and other Central American countries) is also a wet milling operation that removes only the pericarp (Bressani, 1972). Wet milling yields maize starch and by-products such as maize gluten, used as a feed ingredient. It is this flat bread or tortilla that is speculated to have been used in pre-historic times. This is not the tortilla that we think of today, however, the basic concept is rudimentary and could have been used even 10,000 years ago. George W. Beadles research shows that the probability of maize being similarly used as what we refer to as popcorn is high. This high probability points to the use of teosinte, which has been argued among scholars as an un-usable product, therefore not an ancestor of maize. Beadles research has proven that even the triangular kernel of teosinte could have been heated on heated sand, hot rock or fire and would have popped. There is speculation that in prehistoric time, maize had a religious and ceremonial purpose. It is written that in the height of the Incan empire maize was used in ritual and ceremonial gatherings in the form of beer. (Fernandez-Arnesto; 243) There isnt anything to indicate any different anywhere else that maize has turned up within the archaeological record. With a better understanding of maize and its possible functions, lets address where maize originated. Blake, Clark, Chisholm, and Mudar consider the transition to agriculture in the Formative period of coastal Mesoamerica (from approximately 1500 B.C. to the birth of Christ), specifically along the Pacific coast of Chiapas, Mexico. These scholars review the evidence from this area in terms of two competing hypotheses: the competitive feasting model of Hayden (1990) and the interaction of plants and humans as described by Rindos (1984) and Flannery (1986). MacNeishs work in the Tehuacan Valley has shown that the origins of maize and its integration into a system of agricultural production that included a variety of plants began as early as 7000 B.C. The earliest people to use and domesticate these plants were not sedentary, instead, they were nomadic foragers who incorporated these domesticates into a complex seasonal pattern of hunting and collecting (MacNeish 1967, 1972; Flannery 1968; Flannery 1986). It has been believed that from Formative times forward that maize is typically seen as the main staple crop in Mesoamerican prehistory. Agricultural advancement has long been thought of as the cornerstone of early sedentary village life and one of necessary conditions for the development of complex society (MacNeish 1972). Maize yields a high amount of caloric intake which is necessary in the process of sustaining the level of activity that prehistoric people in Mesoamerica needed to survive. A recent re-analysis by Farnsworth et al (1985) of archaeological data from the Tehuacan Valley, including a stable carbon and nitrogen analysis of the human skeletal remains, suggests that a heavy dependence on grains, including maize began as early as the Coxcatlan phase (ca. 5000-3000 B.C.). In Oaxaca, excavated macrobotanical remains show that domesticates, including maize, beans, squash, and avocados, were in use and consumed both before and after the appearance of the first sedentary villages (Flannery 1976, 1986). Kirkbys (1973) study of agricultural production suggests that the main staple, maize, was cultivated and relied upon from the Early Formative Tierras Largas phase (1400-1150 B.C.) onwards. She suggests, however, that maize did not reach a threshold of productivity, until about 100B.C. when larger varieties allowed greater yields per cultivated hectares of land. The assumption is that as maize cob size grew, and the plant became more productive, then early villagers c ame increasingly to rely on it as a subsistence staple. Both the Tehuacan and the Oaxaca data suggest that after agricultural products, particularly maize, became important in the subsistence system by the Late Archaic period, the trend towards increasing reliance on these plants continued through time. The movement of a relatively small amount of maize from established agro-ecology over long distances into a new environment is equivalent to an evolutionary bottleneck or a founder event (King, 1987; Mayr, 1963). Because only a small portion of the population is represented after one of these events, sampling error will result in, among other things, changed gene frequencies, breakdown of co-adapted gene complexes, and sometimes increased additive genetic variability (Cheverud and Routman, 1996). The above mentioned on page 2 and 3 of this paper attempted to explain the process of genetics when involved in the process of advancement of a plant. We can refer to this as agricultural evolution. Farming in modern day seems to be, from an outsider looking in; hard work, dirty work, and monotonous work. If with modern equipment farming is difficult what would it have been like in prehistoric Mesoamerica? Why farm at all? We look at hunting game now in present day society as romantic and sportsman like. There is a challenge to the game. There is fancy equipment purchased and well kept. Hunters tell stories that are passed on from generation to generation, hunting stories in prehistory had to be just as exciting and the stuff of which myths were made. So, again why farm at all? Many scholars have argued that without agriculture societies would not have existed. Only agriculture, with its pattern of population growth, urbanization, and economic surpluses has produced civilizations (Reed, 5). Thus helping to explain why agriculture led to complex societies. Varying conditions such as altitude, rainfall, soil, and seasonal temperature rand and latitudinal differences in the length of day during growing seasons led to the eventual diffusion of maize northward into North America, however for the sake of this paper the focus will remain on Mesoamerica. The research indicates that the evidence in the archaeological record states that the coastal areas show maize before any other area. Coe and Flannery until the 1980s were the only two researchers to report domesticates at Early Formative cities along the Pacific Coast of either Chiapas or Guatemala. Other than these few incidences relatively few sites have produced macrobotanical evidence of cultigens among their subsistence remains. Richard Scotty MacNeish conducts what he called the great corn hunt in 1958. MacNeish believed by tracking pre-ceramic caves in the southern part of Mesoamerica, namely, in the caves of Copan and the Comeagua Valley of Honduras he would have a better chance of tracking the corn (MacNeish 1962). His search extended to Zacapa Valley of Guatemala in 1959, as well having brief visits in Oaxaca and the Rio Balsas Valley of Guerrero. In 1961 MacNeish and his team started the Tehuacan project which yielded to be a great unbelievable success. Among many question with this project MacNeish and his colleagues were able to solve the problem of the origins of corn and were able to attack the how and the why of many other domesticated plants in highland Mesoamerica. According to MacNeish the amount of artifacts (50,000 lithics, more than 100,000 plant remains, over 10,000 bones and some 250 human feces) found in the 454 sites gave the team a time span that roughly stretched from 20,000 to 2000 B. C. Since MacNieshs research and excavations there have been over 1000 sites found and more archaeological evidence to support his original findings. In conclusion, the topic of maize is one that has intrigued and puzzled archaeologists for many years. The domestication and evolution of maize in and of itself causes much debate. It is because of great archaeologists like MacNeish and his unwavering curiosity of the great corn hunt as to why we have the information that we have today. The mere evidence of 454 sites becoming 1000 in a matter of years speaks for itself. The fact remains that there are 4 major independent centers of plant domestication, the Near East, China, North America, and Mesoamerica. It is the intent of this paper to have clearly introduced even the novice of persons to what exactly is the definition of maize, how maize became a major staple in prehistoric peoples diet, and how maize has been detected in Mesoamerica through evidence in the archaeological record.

Rainer Maria Rilke Essay

Rainer Maria Rilke was born in Prague in 1875, a city with a German-speaking element. He attended the University of Prague and Linz, and soon set out on his unsettled life of wandering among friends and countries. In 1899 and 1900 he went to Russia with Lou Andreas-Salome and her professor husband, where he met tolstory and the painter Pasternak (father of the poet Boris). He was fascinated by Russian Orthodox mysticism and the solitary life of the monks. Russia was the foundation of his ways of absorbing the world; he was to say at the end of his life. He took trips to North Africa, Sweden, and Denmark, and in 1901 married to Clara Westhoff, a German, and had a daughter Ruth by her. After a year he left them, though he and Clara remained close friends. In 1902 Rilke went to Paris, where he lived off and on for the next twelve years, part of which time he was the sculptor Rodin’s private secretary. The first of his Duino Elegies were written in 1912 at Duino, Italy, in a castle which looked onto the Adriatic. Then, following a period of creative frustration, in 1921 he settled in Chateau de Muzot, in Switzerland, a small, uncomfortable, thirteenth-century stone house, with a bedroom and one tall room, where he remained the rest of his life. There, in the month of February 1922, he completed the Duino Elegies, the fifty-five poems in Sonnets to Orpheus, and a miscellany of other poems. After 1924 he was sick and by November 1926 he was at the Valmont Sanatorium. That month he published Vergers, a collection of his French poems. After pricking his finger on a rose thorn and suffering pain from severe blood poisoning, he died of leukemia at Valmont on December 29, 1926. By the time he wrote Sonnets to Orpheus, Rainer Maria Rilke was at once the most classically informed and innovatively modern writer of his generation (Rilke 1972). Unembarrassed by precursors, using them to his advantage, he stood apart from his immediate experimental contemporaries and created a modernism at once unique, cyclical, and enduring. Rilke’s Sonnets to Orpheus, prompted by the death of a young woman, Vera Oukama Koop, is an occasion of perfectly crafted poems, which Rilke shaped and misshaped in every possible way to suit the few days of their compelling creation. The blind angel entered him and spoke his message, and Rilke completed the first book in about three days. He returned to the Duino Elegies, and then turned back to the sonnets and completed the second book, also in a few days. So this most interior, metaphysical, secular-religious poet of the century yielded. In the poems he moves away from what might be an ordinary life of friends, lovers, and artists to one of remembrances: a dog’s imploring face, a free-flying kite, a young childhood cousin who will die, a teenage Dutch dancer, Vera Ouckama Koop, who dies in her eighteenth year and to whom his volume is dedicated. He also contemplates the indifferent modern machine that threatens the soul, contrasted with a virgin and her white unicorn that he discovers on a medieval textile in the Musee de Cluny in Paris. Finally, he addresses the silent friend of many distances, who may be Koop or Rilke himself. In this last sonnet, affirming the risk of life and art that may lead to jubilance, Rilke tells the friend, lost in darkness, to let he go and ring out. In the sonnets, Rilke exchanges his outer and inner worlds with agility. While he may find an angel or two or Orpheus’s resounding tunes inhabiting his realms, no salvific god shows up to comfort or make promises. The poet resides in loneliness, homelessness, silence, and change, his conditions for touching the sky and the fields and hearing all that is elsewhere and around him. Rilke had many friends, but he was always a guest, an uprooted monk of art, and his most accomplished work was completed in a month of 1922 in that tiny dingy castle where he sentenced himself to solitary confinement. Orpheus is a calendar of search, remembrance, and acceptance of Orpheus, the art-god of descent and resurrection, who is everywhere. Rilke succeeds in turning grief into pathos and ultimately into an ecstasy of absence and presence. Following a familiar pattern of his relations with women, Rilke moves from desire, to its frustration and negation, to the transformation into art. It is not different, emotionally and artistically from the pattern of the mystical poets as in St. John of the Cross, where the speaker moves from the burning senses, to the dark night of their negation, and to light and union which in the instance of both Rilke and the Spanish mystic is the evidence of the poem. Rilke’s Interpretation of the Greek Myth Orpheus There are three moments of the myth of Orpheus as related and commented by Rilke, first, the creation of a world through language, second, the turn which Orpheus makes at the threshold of Hades, and third, the death of Orpheus. In Rilke’s Sonnets to Orpheus, the poet-figure Orpheus, whom we know from Greek legend and Medieval Latin folklore, is the symbol for a poetical synthesis that joins all things in harmony and joins what appears and what by its very nature does not, Orpheus is thought to keep open what Rilke will call a dual realm between the actual and the potential that lies beyond it. The poet-figure to whom Rilke’s sonnets are addressed, of course, is the Greek poet Orpheus, who according to legend, sang so divinely that all of nature hearkened to his call, Orpheus was thus able to charm the god Hades and bring back his dead wife, Eurydice, from the underworld, holding open what Rilke calls the pure relation between the here and the beyond. And so the Sonnets to Orpheus series is about the access of poetic language to appearance and to what transcends it. Rilke’s language itself, through its elusive but also vertiginously concrete references, realizes a world that encompasses the actual and the unseen, the special transcendence (1972:189-192) of potentiality. This is why Rilke’s poetry emphasizes the other side of even ordinary things and other side not exhausted by the actuality that foreshadows it. The inspiration for Rilke’s Sonnets is twofold. First of all, it is grateful to the Orpheus legend an illustration of which hung in the Chateau de Muzot, where Rilke was staying in February 1922 when the series was written. Equally importantly, it was occasioned by the untimely death in youth of Vera Duckama Knoop( a daughter of a friend of Rilke’s), to whom the sonnests are dedicated. (1958: 185). One can infer then that Rilke takes the task upon himself, as Orpheus did for Eurydice, of establishing a relation to the mysteriousness of the other side, which Rilke claims, in a letter about the Sonnets, the dead girl symbolizes. In a commentary Rilke writes that the Sonnets are placed under the name and protection of the dead girl whose incompletion and innocence holds open the door of the grave, so that she, gone from us, belongs to those powers who keep the half of life fresh and open towards the other wound-open half(1972: 136). Rilke is fascinated by the legendary poet, who is said to have sung so beautifully that all beings, even gods, were enchanted by his song, but it is primarily the invisible potential horizon of things that Rilke’s own poetry, by invoking Orpheus, aims to bring into poetical intimacy. Through this horizontality, Rilke finds an access to what he often refers to as the essence of things. The girl is a symbol of that horizonality, a symbol of incompleteness itself: as a young girl, she was half yet to be. Her death transports her to the other side of life which illuminates life’s own incompleteness. In the Duino Elegies,(1994: 154 ),the second part of which was finished during the same profile month of February 1922, the figure of the angel which Rilke takes pains to distinguish from the Christian symbolism of the same serve unification of distinct realms. The Orpheus myth for both Rilke and his predecessor Ovid concerns the relation between this known side of life and the mysterious beyond. Orpheus is the one who has lifted the lyre among shadows, who has entered the underworld, and so the one to whom is allowed the infinite praise of poeticizing. It is because the figure of Orpheus, like the dead girl, is characterized by transcendence that he serves Rilke well here. Rilke devices in his invocation of Orpheus, a decidedly modern poetical access to the transcendent by presenting in condensed and abbreviated form, a lyrical total without translating that total into logical or even associative statements. From the first sonnet of the series, Orpheus and his song are associated by Rilke with pure transcendence. Orpheus who sang so sublimely that he was said to have become a god, transcended the ordinary relation that language gives us to things, a relation which Rilke conceives as relying upon opposites, the cleavage between being and non-being. Rilke’s reference to Orpheus is marked by a repetition of German verbs that indicate a crossing of such boundaries. His word transcends( ubertrifft) the being-here ( das Hiersein), because it overstep ontological boundaries even as he obeys them and so Orpheus enters into relation with the mystery of things and their transience. Their transience renders them intimate with our own and so we must according to Rilke resist the will to run down and degrade everything earthly, just because of its temporariness which it shares with us. Things too belong to the dual realm to which Rilke’s sonnet series repeatedly refers. This is suggested in these lines from Rilke’s Sonnet on the relationship of poetic song and the nature. Conclusion While Rainer Maria Rilke’s relation to empiricist psychology is marginal at best, his relatively unreflecting use of its imagery allows us to estimate with some accuracy the extent to which the movement had entered the general consciousness of an entire period from the 1890s on. For many readers and writers, the dispersed and fragmented subject was doubtless little more than a fashion, just as many saw impressionist painting more as a technique than as the outgrowth of a philosophy. Rilke seems to have used empiricist vocabulary and turns of thought somewhat eclectically throughout his career, he was an excellent indicator of what was generally in the air and had an exceptionally creative way of integrating it into his own original and powerfully imagined poetic universe. Influence studies of the conventional type cannot do justice to the kind of problem he poses. Throughout his life, as an almost daily custom, Rilke wrote letters of such exceptional grace and expressive force that they have come to represent a significant part of his artistic legacy. He also preserved conscientiously letters written to him by others. Family members, friends, and more incidental acquaintances collected his letters as precious gifts, in keeping with old European traditions. After his return from Paris to Muzot, Rilke set down his last will and testament in which he authorized his heirs to publish his correspondence. He realized how much of his creative energies had flowed into the letters. He had spent days and weeks just answering the growing number of questions on his work and way of life and thinking about concerns with which others had approached him. In its totality, Rilke’s work reflects his personal life and disposition, as well as, and perhaps even more so, the curiously pessimistic historical climate that became obvious at the turn of the century. He felt and recorded the insidious doubt in the strength or adequacy of a modern rationalistic society. He was extraordinarily sensitive to the deeply disturbing signs of this cultural unrest and without any sustained interest in theoretical discourse, learned to draw conclusions from the work of contemporary artists. Rainer Maria Rilke is a master at lining, and his use of contemporary meters, rhythm, and diction makes his translations more readable to a contemporary audience without losing the mysticism and lyrical quality of Rilke’s poems.